Parenting Styles and Their Impact on Young Children
Parenting styles is described as the way parents react and respond to their child's emotion. parenting styles also can be defined along two important dimensions:
- Responsiveness, how well the parent is attuned to the child and able to respond to the child's needs and interests, and
- Control, how much the parent supervises and disciplines the child and requires obedience and self-control.
Why Parenting Styles is Important
Parenting styles is important because the way a parent interacts with their child sets the stage for the child's future social and emotional development. Your parenting styles is a way to help your children to learn to manage their emotions. It is not easy because it requires self-awareness about your own emotions management and awareness of emotions in others (your children).
Four Parenting Styles
Your parenting style is related to how you feel about emotions. The way you feel about emotions plays an important role in shaping your parenting styles. The level of responsiveness and control can help determine whether a parent is:Parenting styles is important because the way a parent interacts with their child sets the stage for the child's future social and emotional development. Your parenting styles is a way to help your children to learn to manage their emotions. It is not easy because it requires self-awareness about your own emotions management and awareness of emotions in others (your children).
Four Parenting Styles
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Authoritative parents demonstrate high levels of both responsiveness and control. They establish rules and guidelines that their children are expected to follow. Authoritative parenting also known as balanced parenting or democratic parenting is a balanced approach to parenting that couples high parental expectations with high parental support and flexibility, allowing children the freedom to question the rules and expectations they are placed under.
Authoritative parents:
- listen to their children
- encourage independence
- place limits, consequences, and expectations on their children behavior
- express warmth and nurturance
- allow children to express opinions
- encourage children to discuss options
- administer fair and consistent discipline
- have a happier disposition
- have good emotional control and regulation
- develop good social skills
- self-confident about their abilities to learn new skills
Authoritarian Parenting Styles
Authoritarian parents demonstrates a high level of control and a low level of responsiveness. They have very strict rules that they expect to be followed unconditionally. People with this parenting style often utilize punishment rather than discipline, but are not willing or able to explain the reasoning behind their rules.
Authoritarian parents:
- is highly demanding, but not responsive
- attempt to control to an absolute standard
- value obedience and do not encourage give and take
- tend to be high in psychological control of their children which has a detrimental effect to the child's natural growth and maturation
- associate obedience and success with love
- display aggressive behavior outside the home
- act fearful and overly shy around others
- have lower self-esteem
Indulgent/Permissive Parenting Styles
Permissive parents demonstrates a low level of control and a high level of responsiveness. Parents who exhibit this parenting style make relatively few demands upon their children. Permissive parents believe that showing their child love and feeling loved, in return, is the ultimate goal in parenting. Permissive parents do not require children to regulate themselves or behave appropriately.
Permissive parents:
- have few rules or standards of behavior
- are usually very nurturing and loving towards their kids
- often seems more like a friend, rather than a parent
- when there are rules, they are often very inconsistent
- may use bribery, such as toys, gifts, and food as a means to get child to behave
- lack self-discipline
- sometimes have poor social skills
- may be self-involved and demanding
- may feel insecure due to the lack of boundaries and guidance
Neglectful Parenting Styles
Neglectful parents demonstrates low levels of both responsiveness and control. They make few to no demands of their children and they are often indifferent, dismissive or even completely neglectful. This style does not necessarily mean children are not cared for; often they have everything that they need and even some luxuries, but little interaction with the parents and very little emotional support.
Neglectful parents:
- show no emotion to a child, or dismiss the child's emotion
- show little warmth, love, and affection towards their children
- have few or no expectations or demands for behavior
- may intentionally avoid their children
- learn to provide by themselves
- fear becoming dependent on other people
- are often emotionally withdrawn
- feel fear, anxiety or stress due to lack of family support
- have an increased risk of substance abuse
Authoritative parenting styles is linked to greater social and emotional competence. The children of authoritative parents tends to be good at making friends in their early years, are less likely to use drug in their teens, and are emotionally stable as young adults. These children also tends to have good self-esteem and to be successful in school.
The child of an authoritarian parent may have few opportunities to make decisions on her own or to ask for what she needs, while the child of indulgent/permissive parent may grow up without the direction and guidance he needs to develop his moral conscience and set appropriate goals for the future.
Parent who are neglectful or uninvolved, inconsistent (changing limits and types or levels of discipline unexpectedly) or inflexible (rigidly demanding obedience) are more likely to become involved in an escalating cycle of coercive interaction with their children.
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